Introduction:
Florida Birds Of Prey is home to a diverse and fascinating array of birds of prey, also known as raptors. These are birds that hunt and feed on other animals, using their sharp talons and beaks to capture and kill their prey. Florida’s birds of prey include eagles, falcons, hawks, kites, vultures, owls, and even a limpkin. Some of these raptors are year-round residents, while others are seasonal visitors or migrants. Some are common and widespread, while others are rare and endangered. All of them are amazing and worth watching.
In this article, we will introduce you to 26 types of birds of prey that live in Florida Birds Of Prey, and provide you with some information on their physical characteristics, habitat and range, diet and hunting habits, and conservation status. We will also share some facts and statistics about Florida Birds Of Prey raptors at the end of the article. Let’s get started!
26 Types Of Birds of Prey That Live in Florida
1. Golden Eagle: The King of the Skies
Physical Characteristics:
The golden eagle is one of the largest and most powerful raptors in the world. It has a wingspan of up to 7.5 feet and a weight of up to 15 pounds. It has dark brown plumage with golden highlights on the head and neck. It has a hooked beak, yellow eyes, and feathered legs.
Habitat and Range:
The golden eagle is a rare and irregular visitor to Florida Birds Of Prey, mainly in the winter months. It prefers open habitats such as grasslands, deserts, and mountains, where it can soar and hunt. It breeds in the western and northern parts of North America, as well as in Europe and Asia.
Diet and Hunting Habits:
The golden eagle is a formidable hunter, capable of taking down large prey such as rabbits, hares, squirrels, groundhogs, foxes, coyotes, and even deer. It also feeds on smaller birds, reptiles, and fish. It hunts by soaring high in the sky and diving at high speeds to catch its prey. It can also chase and catch prey on the ground.
Conservation Status:
The golden eagle is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, but it faces threats from habitat loss, poisoning, electrocution, collisions, and illegal shooting. It is protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act in the United States.
2. Bald Eagle: America’s Symbol of Freedom
Iconic Appearance:
The bald eagle is the national emblem of the United States, and a symbol of freedom and strength. It is not actually bald, but has a white head and tail that contrast with its dark brown body. It has a wingspan of up to 8 feet and a weight of up to 14 pounds. It has a yellow beak, eyes, and feet.
Where to Spot Bald Eagles in Florida Birds Of Prey:
The bald eagle is a common and widespread resident of Florida Birds Of Prey, and can be seen year-round. It is most abundant in the winter, when northern eagles migrate south. It can be found near water bodies such as lakes, rivers, marshes, and coasts, where it can find fish, its main food source. It can also be seen near landfills, where it scavenges on carrion.
Nesting Habits:
The bald eagle builds large and impressive nests, made of sticks and lined with grass, moss, and feathers. It usually nests in tall trees near water, but sometimes uses artificial structures such as power poles and towers. It mates for life, and returns to the same nest year after year, adding more material each time. It lays one to three eggs, which hatch after about 35 days. The young eagles fledge after about 10 to 12 weeks, but remain dependent on their parents for several more months.
Conservation Efforts:
The bald eagle was once endangered by habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, and illegal shooting, but has made a remarkable recovery thanks to conservation efforts. It was removed from the Endangered Species List in 2007, but is still protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. It is now listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, and has a stable or increasing population.
3. Peregrine Falcon: The Speed Demon
The Fastest Bird in the World:
The peregrine falcon is the fastest animal on the planet, reaching speeds of up to 200 mph when diving from great heights to catch its prey. It has a wingspan of up to 3.5 feet and a weight of up to 3 pounds. It has a dark blue-gray back, a white belly, a black head, and a black moustache-like stripe on each side of its face.
Urban Falcons:
The peregrine falcon is a rare and irregular visitor to Florida Birds Of Prey, mainly in the winter months. It prefers open habitats such as cliffs, mountains, and coasts, where it can find ample prey and nesting sites. However, it has also adapted to urban environments, where it uses skyscrapers, bridges, and towers as substitutes for natural cliffs. It can be seen hunting pigeons, starlings, and other birds in cities.
Feeding Frenzy:
The peregrine falcon is a specialist hunter of birds, which it catches in mid-air with its powerful talons. It can take down prey up to three times its own weight, such as ducks, geese, and gulls. It usually kills its prey with a bite to the neck, and then plucks and eats it on a perch or on the ground.
Conservation Challenges:
The peregrine falcon was once endangered by pesticide poisoning, which caused its eggshells to thin and break. Thanks to conservation efforts, such as banning DDT and captive breeding programs, it has made a remarkable recovery. It is now listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, and has a stable or increasing population. However, it still faces threats from habitat loss, illegal shooting, and collisions with buildings and vehicles.
4. Merlin: The Miniature Falcon
Merlin’s Miniature Marvels:
The merlin is a small and agile falcon, with a wingspan of up to 2 feet and a weight of up to 0.5 pounds. It has a dark brown back, a streaked white belly, and a black cap and tail. It has a hooked beak, yellow eyes, and yellow feet.
Habitat Diversity:
The merlin is a rare and irregular visitor to Florida Birds Of Prey, mainly in the winter months. It prefers open habitats such as grasslands, fields, and coasts, where it can find ample prey and perches. It breeds in the northern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia, where it nests in old crow or raven nests, or on cliffs and ledges.
Migratory Patterns:
The merlin is a long-distance migrant, traveling up to 9,000 miles between its breeding and wintering grounds. It follows the movements of its prey, such as songbirds, shorebirds, and insects. It can fly up to 40 mph, and can perform impressive aerial maneuvers to catch its prey.
Conservation Outlook:
The merlin is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, and has a stable or increasing population. It is not threatened by habitat loss, as it can adapt to various environments. However, it is vulnerable to pesticide poisoning, collisions, and illegal shooting. It is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States.
5. American Kestrel: The Colorful Raptor
Vivid Plumage:
The American kestrel is the smallest and most colorful falcon in North America. It has a wingspan of up to 2 feet and a weight of up to 0.2 pounds. It has a rufous back, a blue-gray head and wings, a white belly, and black spots and stripes. The male has a rufous tail, while the female has a barred tail. Both sexes have two black stripes on each side of their face.
Small But Mighty:
The American kestrel is a common and widespread resident of Florida Birds Of Prey, and can be seen year-round. It prefers open habitats such as grasslands, fields, and urban areas, where it can find ample prey and perches. It breeds throughout most of North America, and migrates southward in the winter. It nests in cavities, such as holes in trees, buildings, or nest boxes.
Hunting Strategies:
The American kestrel is a versatile hunter, feeding on a variety of prey such as insects, rodents, lizards, frogs, and small birds. It hunts by hovering in the air, scanning the ground for movement, and then diving to catch its prey. It can also perch on a high vantage point, such as a wire or a branch, and swoop down on its prey.
Conservation Status:
The American kestrel is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, and has a stable or increasing population. It is not threatened by habitat loss, as it can adapt to various environments. However, it is vulnerable to pesticide poisoning, predation, and competition for nest sites. It is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States.
6. Sharp-shinned Hawk: The Woodland Ambusher
The sharp-shinned hawk is the smallest and most agile of the North American accipiters, a group of hawks that specialize in hunting other birds. It has a slate-gray back, a barred chest, a long tail, and yellow eyes. Its name comes from its thin, tapered legs, which are covered with scales.
Stealthy Hunters:
The sharp-shinned hawk is a master of stealth, using its maneuverability and speed to ambush its prey in dense woodlands. It often perches on a hidden branch and waits for an unsuspecting songbird to fly by, then dashes out and snatches it in mid-air. It can also chase its prey through the foliage, dodging branches and obstacles with ease.
Preferred Habitats:
The sharp-shinned hawk breeds in coniferous and mixed forests across Canada and the northern United States. It migrates south for the winter, spending the colder months in woodlands, thickets, and suburban areas, where it can find plenty of bird feeders to raid. In Florida Birds Of Prey, it is a common winter visitor, especially in the northern and central parts of the state.
Dietary Preferences:
The sharp-shinned hawk feeds almost exclusively on small birds, such as sparrows, finches, warblers, and chickadees. It may occasionally take small mammals, reptiles, or insects, but these are not its main food source. It typically kills its prey by biting the neck or the head, and plucks the feathers before eating.
Conservation Challenges:
The sharp-shinned hawk is not considered endangered or threatened, but it faces some threats from habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, and collisions with windows and vehicles. It is also often harassed by larger raptors, such as red-tailed hawks and great horned owls, which may prey on it or its nestlings. The sharp-shinned hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
7. Cooper’s Hawk: The Bird Feeder Bandit
The Cooper’s hawk is a medium-sized accipiter, similar to the sharp-shinned hawk, but larger and more robust. It has a blue-gray back, a reddish-barred chest, a long tail with dark bands, and red eyes. It is named after William Cooper, a 19th-century American naturalist who first described it.
Bird Feeder Raids:
The Cooper’s hawk is a skilled hunter of birds, using its speed and agility to pursue and catch its prey in flight. It often targets bird feeders, where it can find a variety of easy meals, such as doves, pigeons, starlings, and cardinals. It may also hunt in open areas, such as fields, parks, and golf courses, where it can spot and chase down its prey.
Urban Dwellers:
The Cooper’s hawk has adapted well to urban and suburban environments, where it can find plenty of food and shelter. It nests in trees, often near human activity, and may use the same nest site for several years. It is not very shy or wary of people, and may even visit backyards and patios to look for prey. In Florida Birds Of Prey, it is a year-round resident, and can be seen throughout the state.
Varied Diet:
The Cooper’s hawk feeds mainly on medium-sized birds, such as robins, jays, woodpeckers, and quail. It may also take small mammals, such as squirrels, chipmunks, rabbits, and bats, as well as reptiles, amphibians, and insects. It kills its prey by squeezing it with its talons, and plucks the feathers before eating.
Conservation Status:
The Cooper’s hawk is not considered endangered or threatened, but it was once persecuted and hunted for its alleged impact on game birds and poultry. It also suffered from habitat loss and pesticide poisoning, which reduced its population in the mid-20th century. However, it has recovered well since then, thanks to legal protection and increased tolerance from humans. The Cooper’s hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
8. Short-tailed Hawk: The Color-Changing Raptor
The short-tailed hawk is a small and slender buteo, a group of hawks that soar and glide in the air. It has a dark brown back, a white chest, a short tail, and yellow legs. It comes in two color forms: a dark morph, which is mostly brown, and a light morph, which has a white head and underparts.
Chameleon of the Skies:
The short-tailed hawk is a rare and elusive raptor, that can change its appearance depending on the lighting and angle. It can appear dark or light, brown or gray, or even black or white, depending on how the sun reflects on its feathers. This may help it blend in with the sky or the clouds, and avoid detection by its prey or its predators.
Habitats and Territories:
The short-tailed hawk breeds in tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America, where it inhabits forests, savannas, and wetlands. It is a resident in some parts of its range, but migrates north for the winter in others. In Florida Birds Of Prey, it is a rare but regular visitor, mainly in the southern and central parts of the state. It prefers open habitats, such as prairies, marshes, and fields, where it can soar and hunt.
Prey of Choice:
The short-tailed hawk feeds primarily on small birds, such as warblers, vireos, flycatchers, and swallows. It hunts by soaring high in the air, and diving down on its prey with a sudden stoop. It may also hover over a spot, and drop down on its prey. It rarely takes mammals, reptiles, or insects, but these may supplement its diet.
Conservation Outlook:
The short-tailed hawk is not considered endangered or threatened, but it is vulnerable to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, especially in its breeding grounds. It is also threatened by illegal shooting, trapping, and poisoning, as well as collisions with power lines and wind turbines. The short-tailed hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
9. Red-tailed Hawk: The Scream of the Wild
The red-tailed hawk is the most widespread and familiar of the North American buteos, a group of hawks that soar and glide in the air. It has a brown back, a pale chest, a broad tail with a reddish hue, and yellow legs. It is a large and powerful raptor, with a wingspan of up to 4.5 feet.
Vocal Displays:
The red-tailed hawk is known for its loud and piercing scream, which is often used in movies and TV shows to represent the sound of a wild or majestic bird. It uses its voice to communicate with its mate, to defend its territory, and to warn off intruders. It may also vocalize during courtship, when it performs spectacular aerial displays with its partner.
Habitat Adaptability:
The red-tailed hawk can live in a variety of habitats, from forests and mountains, to deserts and grasslands, to urban and suburban areas. It is a generalist, meaning it can exploit different resources and adapt to changing conditions. It nests in trees, cliffs, or buildings, and may use the same nest site for several years. In Florida Birds Of Prey, it is a year-round resident, and can be seen throughout the state.
Varied Diet:
The red-tailed hawk feeds on a wide range of prey, such as rodents, rabbits, squirrels, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. It hunts by soaring or perching, and swooping down on its prey. It may also chase its prey on the ground, or steal it from other raptors. It kills its prey by biting the neck or the head, and tears it apart with its beak and talons.
Conservation Status:
The red-tailed hawk is not considered endangered or threatened, but it faces some threats from habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, and human persecution. It is also vulnerable to collisions with vehicles, windows, and power lines, as well as electrocution from power poles. The red-tailed hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
10. Red-shouldered Hawk: The Wetland Sentinel
The red-shouldered hawk is a medium-sized buteo, a group of hawks that soar and glide in the air. It has a brown back, a reddish chest, a black-and-white striped tail, and yellow legs. It has a distinctive call, a loud and repeated “kee-aah” that can be heard from far away.
Wetland Warriors:
The red-shouldered hawk is a wetland specialist, preferring habitats with water, trees, and open areas. It hunts along the edges of rivers, lakes, swamps, and marshes, where it can find a variety of prey, such as frogs, snakes, fish, and crayfish. It may also take small mammals, birds, and insects, but these are less important in its diet.
Marshland Abode:
The red-shouldered hawk nests in large trees, often near water, and may use the same nest site for several years. It builds a bulky nest of sticks, lined with bark, moss, and leaves. It lays 2 to 5 eggs, which are incubated by both parents for about a month. The young fledge after 6 to 7 weeks, and remain with their parents for another month or two.
Dietary Preferences:
The red-shouldered hawk feeds mainly on aquatic and semi-aquatic animals, such as frogs, snakes, fish, and crayfish. It hunts by perching on a branch or a snag, and swooping down on its prey. It may also hover over the water, and snatch its prey with its talons. It kills its prey by biting the neck or the head, and tears it apart with its beak and talons.
Conservation Challenges:
The red-shouldered hawk is not considered endangered or threatened, but it has declined in some parts of its range due to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. It is also affected by pesticide poisoning, human disturbance, and competition with other raptors, such as red-tailed hawks and great horned owls. The red-shouldered hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
11. Broad-winged Hawk: The Migratory Marvel
The broad-winged hawk is a small and stocky buteo, a group of hawks that soar and glide in the air. It has a brown back, a white chest with dark streaks, a short tail with a wide white band, and yellow legs. It has a distinctive call, a high-pitched and whistled “pee-ee”, that can be heard during migration.
Massive Migrations:
The broad-winged hawk is a long-distance migrant, traveling from its breeding grounds in eastern North America to its wintering grounds in Central and South America. It migrates in large flocks, sometimes numbering in the thousands, forming spectacular “kettles” of swirling birds in the sky. It follows mountain ridges, coastlines, and other landmarks, to take advantage of the rising air currents. It may cover up to 4,000 miles in a single journey, one of the longest migrations of any raptor.
Wooded Homes:
The broad-winged hawk breeds in deciduous and mixed forests, where it nests in large trees, often near water. It builds a simple nest of sticks, lined with bark, leaves, and feathers. It lays 2 to 4 eggs, which are incubated by both parents for about a month. The young fledge after 5 to 6 weeks, and remain with their parents for another month or two.
Dietary Diversity:
The broad-winged hawk feeds on a variety of prey, such as rodents, rabbits, squirrels, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. It hunts by perching on a branch or a snag, and swooping down on its prey. It may also hover over the ground, and snatch its prey with its talons. It kills its prey by biting the neck or the head, and tears it apart with its beak and talons.
Conservation Concerns:
The broad-winged hawk is not considered endangered or threatened, but it faces some threats from habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, especially in its breeding grounds. It is also vulnerable to collisions with vehicles, windows, and power lines, as well as shooting, trapping, and poisoning, especially during migration. The broad-winged hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
12. Turkey Vulture: Nature’s Clean-up Crew
The turkey vulture is a large and distinctive scavenger, belonging to the same family as hawks and eagles. It has a black body, a red head, a long and curved beak, and a wingspan of up to 6 feet. It has a characteristic flight pattern, soaring with its wings held in a shallow V-shape, and rocking from side to side.
Efficient Scavengers:
The turkey vulture is an expert at finding and feeding on dead animals, also known as carrion. It has a keen sense of smell, which helps it locate carcasses from miles away. It also has a sharp vision, which helps it spot potential food sources from the air. It feeds on a variety of animals, from small rodents and birds, to large mammals and reptiles. It can digest almost anything, including bones, fur, and feathers, and is immune to most diseases and toxins.
Wide Distribution:
The turkey vulture is one of the most widespread and common birds of prey in the Americas, ranging from Canada to South America. It inhabits a variety of habitats, from forests and mountains, to deserts and grasslands, to urban and suburban areas. It nests in caves, hollow trees, cliffs, or buildings, and lays 1 to 3 eggs, which are incubated by both parents for about 40 days. The young fledge after 10 to 11 weeks, and remain with their parents for another month or two.
Dietary Adaptations:
The turkey vulture has several adaptations that help it survive on a diet of carrion. It has a bald head, which prevents feathers from getting dirty or infected when feeding. It has a long and hooked beak, which helps it tear apart flesh and reach into crevices. It has a crop, a pouch in the throat, which stores food for later digestion. It also has a uropygial gland, a gland near the tail, which secretes an oily substance that protects its feathers from parasites and bacteria.
Conservation Status:
The turkey vulture is not considered endangered or threatened, but it faces some threats from habitat loss, human persecution, and poisoning. It is often killed or harassed by people who consider it a nuisance or a pest, or who mistake it for a more dangerous raptor, such as a hawk or an eagle. It is also affected by poisoning from eating animals that have been killed by lead bullets, rodenticides, or pesticides. The turkey vulture is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, which prohibits killing, capturing, or harming it or its eggs.
13. Black Vulture: The Bold Opportunist
The black vulture is one of the most common and widespread raptors in Florida, and can be seen almost anywhere in the state. It is a large, black bird with a bald, gray head and a short, hooked beak. It has a wingspan of about 5 feet, and weighs about 4 pounds.
Bold and Fearless:
The black vulture is not a shy bird, and will often approach humans and other animals with curiosity and confidence. It is also very social, and forms large flocks with other vultures. The black vulture is known for its aggressive and opportunistic behavior, and will often chase away other scavengers from a carcass, or even steal food from other raptors, such as eagles and hawks.
Group Living:
The black vulture lives in groups, and roosts in communal sites, such as trees, buildings, or towers. It is a highly vocal bird, and communicates with its flock members using a variety of grunts, hisses, and snorts. The black vulture is monogamous, and pairs for life. It nests in cavities, such as hollow trees, caves, or abandoned buildings, and lays one or two eggs per year. The parents share the incubation and feeding duties, and the young stay with their parents for several months after fledging.
Scavenging Specialists:
The black vulture is a scavenger, and feeds mainly on carrion, or dead animals. It has a keen sense of smell, and can locate a carcass from miles away. It also has a strong stomach, and can digest almost anything, including bones, fur, and feathers. The black vulture plays an important role in the ecosystem, by cleaning up the remains of dead animals, and preventing the spread of diseases.
Conservation Considerations:
The black vulture is not endangered, and has a stable population in Florida. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, poisoning, collisions with vehicles, and persecution by humans. Some people consider the black vulture a nuisance, and may kill or harass them, especially if they damage property or livestock. The black vulture is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to coexist with the black vulture is to respect its role in nature, and to avoid feeding or attracting them to human areas.
14. Swallow-Tailed Kite: The Aerial Acrobat
The swallow-tailed kite is one of the most graceful and beautiful raptors in Florida, and can be seen soaring and gliding in the sky with ease. It is a medium-sized bird, with a black head, back, and wings, and a white chest and belly. It has a long, forked tail, and a slender, curved beak. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 12 ounces.
Aerial Prowess:
The swallow-tailed kite is a master of flight, and spends most of its time in the air. It can perform amazing maneuvers, such as diving, rolling, and flipping, and can catch insects, small birds, and reptiles in mid-air. It can also drink water and bathe while flying, by skimming the surface of a lake or river. The swallow-tailed kite rarely lands, and only does so to roost or nest.
Preferred Habitat:
The swallow-tailed kite prefers open habitats, such as marshes, swamps, fields, and pastures, where it can hunt and fly freely. It also needs tall trees, such as pines, cypresses, or oaks, to roost and nest. The swallow-tailed kite is a migratory bird, and spends the winter in South America, and the summer in North America. It arrives in Florida in late February or early March, and leaves in August or September.
Insectivorous Lifestyle:
The swallow-tailed kite feeds mainly on insects, such as dragonflies, bees, wasps, and butterflies, which it catches in flight. It also eats small vertebrates, such as frogs, lizards, snakes, and birds, which it snatches from the ground or the trees. The swallow-tailed kite has a unique way of eating, by holding the food in its feet, and bringing it to its mouth while flying.
Conservation Concerns:
The swallow-tailed kite is a threatened species, and has a declining population in Florida. It faces several threats, such as habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, predation, and human disturbance. The swallow-tailed kite needs large areas of natural habitat, and is sensitive to changes in the environment. The swallow-tailed kite is protected by the Endangered Species Act, and several conservation efforts are underway to monitor and protect its population and habitat. The best way to help the swallow-tailed kite is to preserve and restore its natural habitat, and to avoid disturbing its nesting and roosting sites.
15. Snail Kite: The Specialist Feeder
The snail kite is a rare and specialized raptor, that feeds almost exclusively on a single type of snail. It is a medium-sized bird, with a dark brown body, and a white head and neck. It has a long, curved beak, and a short, rounded tail. It has a wingspan of about 3 feet, and weighs about 14 ounces.
Snail-Eating Expert:
The snail kite is adapted to eat apple snails, which are large, freshwater snails that live in wetlands. The snail kite has a long, hooked beak, that can pry open the snail’s shell, and extract the soft body. The snail kite can also locate the snails by sight, and can spot them even when they are submerged in the water. The snail kite eats about 10 to 15 snails per day, and rarely eats anything else.
Wetland Dweller:
The snail kite lives in wetlands, such as marshes, swamps, and lakes, where it can find its preferred food. It also needs tall vegetation, such as cattails, reeds, or willows, to nest and roost. The snail kite is a resident bird, and stays in Florida year-round. However, it may move within the state, depending on the availability of water and snails.
Conservation Challenges:
The snail kite is an endangered species, and has a very small and isolated population in Florida. It faces many challenges, such as habitat loss, water pollution, invasive species, and climate change. The snail kite depends on the apple snail for survival, and any factor that affects the snail’s population or distribution can have a negative impact on the snail kite. The snail kite is protected by the Endangered Species Act, and several conservation efforts are underway to monitor and protect its population and habitat. The best way to help the snail kite is to preserve and restore its wetland habitat, and to control the invasive species that compete with or prey on the apple snail.
16. White-tailed Kite: The Hovering Hunter
The white-tailed kite is a striking and elegant raptor, that hunts by hovering over the ground. It is a small bird, with a gray back and wings, and a white head, chest, and tail. It has a black patch around its eyes, and a short, hooked beak. It has a wingspan of about 3 feet, and weighs about 10 ounces.
Hovering Mastery:
The white-tailed kite is known for its ability to hover in the air, by flapping its wings rapidly and facing the wind. It can hover for several minutes, and scan the ground for prey. It can also dive and catch its prey in mid-air, or drop to the ground and grab it with its talons. The white-tailed kite hunts mainly in the morning and evening, and rests during the day.
Grassland Enthusiasts:
The white-tailed kite prefers open habitats, such as grasslands, fields, and pastures, where it can hunt and hover easily. It also needs trees or shrubs, such as oaks, pines, or eucalyptus, to nest and roost. The white-tailed kite is a resident bird, and stays in Florida year-round. However, it may move within the state, depending on the availability of food and habitat.
Dietary Preferences:
The white-tailed kite feeds mainly on small mammals, such as mice, voles, and rats, which it catches by hovering and diving. It also eats birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, which it snatches from the ground or the vegetation. The white-tailed kite has a cooperative hunting strategy, and often shares its food with its mate or offspring.
Conservation Outlook:
The white-tailed kite is a threatened species, and has a low and fluctuating population in Florida. It faces several threats, such as habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, human disturbance, and predation. The white-tailed kite needs large areas of open habitat, and is sensitive to changes in the land use. The white-tailed kite is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and several conservation efforts are underway to monitor and protect its population and habitat. The best way to help the white-tailed kite is to preserve and restore its grassland habitat, and to avoid disturbing its nesting and roosting sites.
17. Mississippi Kite: The Southern Nomad
The Mississippi kite is a sleek and agile raptor, that migrates long distances between North and South America. It is a small bird, with a gray body, and a black tail and wings. It has a pale head, and a short, hooked beak. It has a wingspan of about 3 feet, and weighs about 9 ounces.
Nomadic Behavior:
The Mississippi kite is a migratory bird, and spends the winter in South America, and the summer in North America. It arrives in Florida in late April or early May, and leaves in September or October. It travels in large flocks, and can cover up to 200 miles per day. The Mississippi kite is also nomadic within its breeding range, and may move to different locations depending on the availability of food and habitat.
Woodland and Urban Habitats:
The Mississippi kite prefers open habitats, such as woodlands, savannas, and prairies, where it can hunt and fly freely. It also adapts well to urban habitats, such as parks, golf courses, and suburbs, where it can find food and nesting sites. The Mississippi kite nests in trees, such as pines, oaks, or cottonwoods, and lays two or three eggs per year. The parents share the incubation and feeding duties, and the young stay with their parents for several weeks after fledging.
Insect-Eating Enthusiasts:
The Mississippi kite feeds mainly on insects, such as dragonflies, grasshoppers, and beetles, which it catches in flight. It also eats small vertebrates, such as frogs, lizards, snakes, and birds, which it snatches from the ground or the trees. The Mississippi kite hunts mainly in the morning and evening, and rests during the day.
Conservation Concerns:
The Mississippi kite is not endangered, and has a stable population in Florida. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, collisions with vehicles, and human disturbance. The Mississippi kite is sometimes considered a pest, and may be harassed or killed by humans, especially if it nests near livestock or crops. The Mississippi kite is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to coexist with the Mississippi kite is to respect its role in nature, and to avoid feeding or attracting them to human areas.
18. The Barred Owl: Nature’s Hooters
The barred owl is one of the most common and widespread owls in Florida, and can be heard hooting throughout the night. It is a large bird, with a brown and white barred body, and a round, pale face. It has dark eyes, and a yellow, hooked beak. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 2 pounds.
Distinctive Hoots:
The barred owl is a vocal bird, and communicates with a variety of hoots, barks, whistles, and screams. It is most active at night, and can be heard calling to its mate or territory. One of its most recognizable calls is a series of hoots that sounds like “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you all?” The barred owl also responds to imitations of its calls, and may approach humans who mimic its hoots.
Nocturnal Natives:
The barred owl is a nocturnal bird, and hunts and feeds at night. It has excellent eyesight, and can see in low-light conditions. It also has a keen sense of hearing, and can locate its prey by sound. It has soft, fluffy feathers, that muffle the sound of its wings, and allow it to fly silently.
Varied Diet:
The barred owl feeds on a variety of animals, such as rodents, rabbits, squirrels, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. It hunts by perching on a branch, and swooping down on its prey. It swallows its prey whole, and regurgitates the indigestible parts, such as bones, fur, and feathers, in the form of pellets.
Conservation Status:
The barred owl is not endangered, and has a large and expanding population in Florida Birds Of Prey. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, collisions with vehicles, and competition with other owls. The barred owl competes with the endangered northern spotted owl, which is native to the Pacific Northwest, and has been displaced by the barred owl in some areas. The barred owl is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the barred owl is to preserve and restore its woodland habitat, and to avoid disturbing its nesting and roosting sites.
19. The Great Horned Owl: The Silent Hunter
The great horned owl is one of the largest and most powerful owls in Florida Birds Of Prey, and can take down prey larger than itself. It is a big bird, with a brown and gray mottled body, and a white throat. It has large, yellow eyes, and a black, hooked beak. It has prominent ear tufts, that resemble horns. It has a wingspan of about 5 feet, and weighs about 3 pounds.
Silent Predators:
The great horned owl is a nocturnal bird, and hunts and feeds at night. It has excellent eyesight, and can see in low-light conditions. It also has a keen sense of hearing, and can locate its prey by sound. It has soft, fluffy feathers, that muffle the sound of its wings, and allow it to fly silently. It has strong, sharp talons, that can pierce and grip its prey.
Broad Habitat Range:
The great horned owl can live in a variety of habitats, such as forests, deserts, mountains, and urban areas. It is adaptable and resilient, and can survive in harsh conditions. It nests in cavities, such as hollow trees, cliffs, or buildings, or uses the abandoned nests of other birds, such as hawks or crows. It lays two or three eggs per year. The parents share the incubation and feeding duties, and the young stay with their parents for several months after fledging.
Top of the Food Chain:
The great horned owl feeds on a wide range of animals, such as rodents, rabbits, skunks, raccoons, opossums, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. It can also prey on larger animals, such as cats, dogs, or even turkeys. It hunts by perching on a branch, and swooping down on its prey. It swallows its prey whole, and regurgitates the indigestible parts, such as bones, fur, and feathers, in the form of pellets.
Conservation Outlook:
The great horned owl is not endangered, and has a stable population in Florida Birds Of Prey. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, collisions with vehicles, poisoning, and human disturbance. The great horned owl is sometimes considered a threat, and may be killed or harassed by humans, especially if it preys on livestock or pets. The great horned owl is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the great horned owl is to preserve and restore its natural habitat, and to avoid disturbing its nesting and roosting sites.
20. Osprey: The Fishing Specialist
The osprey is a magnificent and specialized raptor, that feeds almost exclusively on fish. It is a large bird, with a brown back and wings, and a white head, chest, and belly. It has a black stripe across its eyes, and a yellow, hooked beak. It has a wingspan of about 6 feet, and weighs about 3 pounds.
Fish-Eating Experts:
The osprey is adapted to catch fish, which make up about 99% of its diet. It has a keen eyesight, and can spot fish from high above the water. It has long, curved talons, that can grasp and hold the slippery fish. It has a reversible outer toe, that can rotate backward, and help grip the fish. It has a waterproof plumage, that prevents it from getting soaked. It has nostrils, that can close when it dives into the water.
Coastal Dwellers:
The osprey lives near water, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, or ponds, where it can find its preferred food. It also needs tall structures, such as trees, poles, or towers, to nest and perch. The osprey is a migratory bird, and spends the winter in Central or South America, and the summer in North America. It arrives in Florida Birds Of Prey in late February or early March, and leaves in October or November.
Nesting Platforms:
The osprey builds a large and bulky nest, made of sticks, twigs, grass, and seaweed. It often reuses the same nest year after year, and adds more material to it. It nests on high platforms, such as trees, poles, or towers, and sometimes on artificial structures, such as bridges, buildings, or boats. It lays two or three eggs per year. The parents share the incubation and feeding duties, and the young stay with their parents for several weeks after fledging.
Conservation Success:
The osprey is a success story, and has a recovering population in Florida Birds Of Prey. It was once endangered, due to habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, and human persecution. However, thanks to conservation efforts, such as banning harmful chemicals, protecting its habitat, and providing artificial nesting platforms, the osprey has made a remarkable comeback. The osprey is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the osprey is to preserve and restore its coastal habitat, and to avoid disturbing its nesting and fishing sites.
21. Limpkin: The Snail Whisperer
The limpkin is a unique and specialized bird, that feeds almost exclusively on a single type of snail. It is a medium-sized bird, with a brown and white streaked body, and a long, curved neck. It has a long, yellow, hooked beak, and long, gray legs. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 2 pounds.
Mollusk Munchers:
The limpkin is adapted to eat apple snails, which are large, freshwater snails that live in wetlands. The limpkin has a long, curved beak, that can pry open the snail’s shell, and extract the soft body. The limpkin can also locate the snails by sound, and can hear them when they move or breathe in the water. The limpkin eats about 20 to 30 snails per day, and rarely eats anything else.
Marshland Inhabitants:
The limpkin lives in wetlands, such as marshes, swamps, and lakes, where it can find its preferred food. It also needs tall vegetation, such as cattails, reeds, or willows, to nest and roost. The limpkin is a resident bird, and stays in Florida Birds Of Prey year-round. However, it may move within the state, depending on the availability of water and snails.
Unique Calls:
The limpkin is a vocal bird, and communicates with a variety of calls, such as wails, screams, clucks, and whistles. It is most active at dawn and dusk, and can be heard calling to its mate or territory. One of its most distinctive calls is a loud, piercing scream, that sounds like a human in distress. The limpkin also responds to imitations of its calls, and may approach humans who mimic its screams.
Conservation Status:
The limpkin is a threatened species, and has a declining population in Florida Birds Of Prey. It faces several threats, such as habitat loss, water pollution, invasive species, and human disturbance. The limpkin depends on the apple snail for survival, and any factor that affects the snail’s population or distribution can have a negative impact on the limpkin. The limpkin is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and several conservation efforts are underway to monitor and protect its population and habitat. The best way to help the limpkin is to preserve and restore its wetland habitat, and to control the invasive species that compete with or prey on the apple snail.
22. Gyrfalcon: The Arctic Visitor
The gyrfalcon is a rare and majestic raptor, that visits Florida Birds Of Prey occasionally in the winter. It is the largest falcon in the world, and has a powerful and muscular body. It has a variable plumage, that can range from white to gray to dark brown, depending on the subspecies. It has a black, hooked beak, and yellow legs. It has a wingspan of about 5 feet, and weighs about 4 pounds.
Arctic Nomads:
The gyrfalcon is a nomadic bird, and breeds in the Arctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. It lives in tundra, mountains, and coastal cliffs, where it hunts and nests. It migrates southward in the winter, and may reach as far as Florida Birds Of Prey, although it is very rare and unpredictable. It travels alone or in small groups, and can cover long distances in a short time.
Appearance and Size:
The gyrfalcon is a stunning and impressive bird, and has a striking appearance and size. It has a large, broad head, and a thick, long neck. It has a long, pointed tail, and long, pointed wings. It has a strong, heavy chest, and a robust, muscular legs. It has a variable plumage, that can range from white to gray to dark brown, depending on the subspecies. The white gyrfalcon is the most common, and blends in with the snow. The gray gyrfalcon is the most rare, and has a dark gray back and wings, and a light gray chest and belly. The dark gyrfalcon is the most variable, and can have different shades of brown, black, and white.
Predatory Prowess:
The gyrfalcon is a formidable predator, and feeds mainly on birds, such as ptarmigans, ducks, geese, and pigeons. It also eats mammals, such as hares, squirrels, and lemmings. It hunts by flying high in the air, and diving down on its prey at speeds of up to 200 miles per hour. It can also chase and catch its prey in flight, or snatch it from the ground or the water. It kills its prey with its sharp talons, and tears it apart with its beak.
Conservation Outlook:
The gyrfalcon is not endangered, and has a stable population in its breeding range. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, climate change, human disturbance, and illegal hunting. The gyrfalcon is vulnerable to changes in the Arctic environment, and may lose its food and nesting resources. The gyrfalcon is also prized by falconers, and may be captured or killed for its feathers or meat. The gyrfalcon is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the gyrfalcon is to preserve and restore its Arctic habitat, and to prevent its illegal hunting and trade.
23. Goshawk: The Elusive Hunter
The goshawk is a rare and secretive raptor, that is seldom seen in Florida Birds Of Prey. It is a large bird, with a gray back and wings, and a white chest and belly. It has a black cap, and a black stripe across its eyes. It has a yellow, hooked beak, and yellow legs. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 2 pounds.
Secretive Raptors:
The goshawk is a shy and elusive bird, and avoids human contact. It lives in dense forests, where it can hide and hunt. It is a resident bird, and stays in Florida Birds Of Prey year-round. However, it is very rare and unpredictable, and may only occur in a few locations in the state. It is also very territorial, and defends its area from intruders, including other raptors.
Woodland Experts:
The goshawk is adapted to hunt in the forest, where it can maneuver and chase its prey. It has a powerful and agile flight, and can fly through the trees at high speeds. It has a keen eyesight, and can spot its prey from a distance. It has strong, sharp talons, that can kill and carry its prey.
Varied Diet:
The goshawk feeds on a variety of animals, such as squirrels, rabbits, mice, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. It hunts by perching on a branch, and swooping down on its prey. It can also chase and catch its prey in flight, or snatch it from the ground or the trees. It kills its prey with its talons, and tears it apart with its beak.
Conservation Concerns:
The goshawk is a threatened species, and has a declining population in Florida Birds Of Prey. It faces several threats, such as habitat loss, human disturbance, and illegal hunting. The goshawk needs large areas of intact forest, and is sensitive to changes in the land use. The goshawk is also prized by falconers, and may be captured or killed for its feathers or meat. The goshawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the goshawk is to preserve and restore its forest habitat, and to prevent its illegal hunting and trade.
24. Common Buzzard: The European Guest
The common buzzard is a common and widespread raptor in Europe, but a rare and occasional visitor in Florida Birds Of Prey. It is a medium-sized bird, with a brown back and wings, and a white chest and belly. It has a dark band across its tail, and a yellow, hooked beak. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 2 pounds.
European Visitors:
The common buzzard is a migratory bird, and breeds in Europe and Asia. It lives in open habitats, such as fields, meadows, and woodlands, where it hunts and nests. It migrates southward in the winter, and may reach as far as Africa or America, although it is very rare and unpredictable. It travels alone or in small groups, and may join other raptors, such as vultures or eagles, in migration.
Adaptation to Varied Habitats:
The common buzzard is a versatile and adaptable bird, and can live in a variety of habitats, such as forests, deserts, mountains, and urban areas. It is resilient and opportunistic, and can survive in harsh conditions. It nests in trees, such as pines, oaks, or birches, or uses the abandoned nests of other birds, such as crows or magpies. It lays two or three eggs per year. The parents share the incubation and feeding duties, and the young stay with their parents for several weeks after fledging.
Dietary Preferences:
The common buzzard feeds mainly on small mammals, such as mice, voles, and rabbits, which it catches by perching on a branch, and diving down on its Florida Birds Of Prey. It also eats birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, which it snatches from the ground or the vegetation. The common buzzard has a flexible diet, and can eat carrion, or dead animals, if the live prey is scarce.
Conservation Status:
The common buzzard is not endangered, and has a large and increasing population in its breeding range. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, collisions with vehicles, and human persecution. The common buzzard is sometimes considered a pest, and may be killed or harassed by humans, especially if it preys on livestock or game. The common buzzard is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the common buzzard is to preserve and restore its natural habitat, and to avoid disturbing its nesting and hunting sites.
25. Rough-legged Hawk: The Arctic Nomad
The rough-legged hawk is a rare and wintering raptor, that breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is a medium-sized bird, with a brown and white mottled body, and a white tail with a dark band. It has a yellow, hooked beak, and feathered legs. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 2 pounds.
Arctic Nesters:
The rough-legged hawk is a migratory bird, and breeds in the Arctic tundra, where it hunts and nests. It lives in open habitats, such as fields, meadows, and cliffs, where it can find its prey. It nests on the ground, or on rocky ledges, and lays two or three eggs per year. The parents share the incubation and feeding duties, and the young stay with their parents for several weeks after fledging.
Wintering in Florida:
The rough-legged hawk migrates southward in the winter, and may reach as far as Florida Birds Of Prey, although it is very rare and unpredictable. It travels alone or in small groups, and may join other raptors, such as hawks or eagles, in migration. It lives in open habitats, such as fields, marshes, and prairies, where it can hunt and roost.
Dietary Preferences:
The rough-legged hawk feeds mainly on small mammals, such as lemmings, voles, and mice, which it catches by hovering and diving. It also eats birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, which it snatches from the ground or the vegetation. The rough-legged hawk has a variable diet, and can eat carrion, or dead animals, if the live prey is scarce.
Conservation Outlook:
The rough-legged hawk is not endangered, and has a stable population in its breeding range. However, it faces some threats, such as habitat loss, climate change, human disturbance, and illegal hunting. The rough-legged hawk is vulnerable to changes in the Arctic environment, and may lose its food and nesting resources. The rough-legged hawk is also prized by falconers, and may be captured or killed for its feathers or meat. The rough-legged hawk is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and it is illegal to harm or kill them without a permit. The best way to help the rough-legged hawk is to preserve and restore its Arctic habitat, and to prevent its illegal hunting and trade.
26. Northern Harrier: The Low-Flying Hunter
The northern harrier is a distinctive and graceful raptor, that hunts by flying low over the ground. It is a medium-sized bird, with a brown back and wings, and a white chest and belly. It has a long, narrow tail, and a long, hooked beak. It has a white patch on the back of its head, and a facial disk, that resembles an owl. It has a wingspan of about 4 feet, and weighs about 1 pound.
Low-Level Hunters:
The northern harrier is a low-flying hunter, and hunts and feeds during the day. It has a keen eyesight, and can spot its Florida Birds Of Prey from a distance. It also has a keen sense of hearing, and can locate its prey by sound. It has a facial disk, that helps to funnel the sound to its ears. It has soft, fluffy feathers, that muffle the sound of its wings, and allow it to fly silently.
Marshland Masters:
The northern harrier prefers open habitats, such as marshes, swamps, fields, and prairies, where it can hunt and fly freely. It also needs tall vegetation, such as cattails, reeds, or grasses, to nest and roost. The northern harrier is a migratory bird, and spends the winter in Central or South America, and the summer in North America. It arrives in Florida Birds Of Prey in late September or early October, and leaves in March or April.
Dietary Habits:
The northern harrier feeds mainly on small mammals, such as mice, voles, and rabbits, which it catches by flying low and diving down on its prey. It also eats birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, which it snatches from the ground or the vegetation. The northern harrier has a cooperative hunting strategy, and often shares its food with its mate or offspring.
Conservation Challenges:
The northern harrier is a threatened species, and has a declining population in Florida. It faces several threats, such as habitat loss, pesticide poisoning, human disturbance, and predation. The northern harrier needs large areas of open habitat, and is sensitive to changes in the land use. The northern harrier is protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and several conservation efforts are underway to monitor and protect its population and habitat. The best way to help the northern harrier.
